Dennis Bearden Part 3

Dennis Bearden had two wives and children with each wife. 

I have tried identifying Dennis Bearden's occupation from the federal census records.   Information was enumerated on the 1900 and 1910 Federal Census for Dennis Bearden, didn't own but rented the land he lived on.   He may have been a tenant farmer or sharecropper. After the Civil War, the government agency  Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen and Abandon Lands  (Freedman's Bureau) established in 1865 supervised many of the former enslaved to sign labor contracts. The former enslaved (Freedmen) became an employee of a landowner who agreed to work in exchange for pay, clothing and medical care.  This was the precursor for the tenant farmer and sharecropper agriculture system, 

Tenant farmers and sharecroppers both farmed the land owned by another person.  A tenant farmer could contribute capital, own tools, and supplies, rent the land, and housing. The tenant farmer could sell the harvested crop and pay rent to the landlord. Sharecroppers didn't own or contribute anything except their labor.   They had to pay rent for tools, supplies, housing, animals, and seeds. The landlord sold the sharecropper's harvested crop and applied it to the sharecropper's rental account. Tenant farmers and sharecroppers hoped to make enough money from a harvest to pay their debts and earn a profit. If the crop yield or prices were low they remained in debt. Unfortunately, this system historically created a cycle of poverty that was true for Caucasians and Black people. The 1900  in a previous blog post and the 1910 census identify who lived in Dennis' household.  

The 1910 census

"United States Census, 1910", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MPDF-XY1 : Sat Mar 09 08:29:24 UTC 2024), Entry for Dennis Bearden and Dilsie Bearden, 1910.

Transcribed 1910 Pike County, Mississippi Federal census of Dennis Bearden and Dilsie Bearden.

Dennis and his wife Delsie (Dilsie, Delsy) could not read or write. On April 17, 1891, they signed a labor agreement making them sharecroppers. The document is located at the Pike County Courthouse in Magnolia, Mississippi. The title of the record is Conveyance Record Book 11, 1893-1895 page 159(Family Search microfilm #008634974). 

The record as it appears below. Transcriptions and summary of portions of the record are given some words of the document could not be deciphered.

This deed of trust made this 17th day of April 1891. Witnesses that Dennis Bearden and Delsy Bearden, his wife of the first part are indebted to PL Barnes and the in the sum of $70 and forty-two cents. Having interest from said no date was given assign 17th. 1891. Where is said party of the first part from expect said PL Barnes to advance him money and sell supplies and merchandise during the year of 1891 and such finance as may be agreed upon at the time of delivery or-- at the usual and customary credit prices in the county of Pike and state of Mississippi, whereas said party of the first part has agreed to secure the payment of said indebtedness as also any further that may be advanced as for said….

The Party of the first part in consideration of the promises as well as for the for $10 to him paid by Jno Walker. 

The following described property situated in Pike County, Mississippi___ Any and all crops of cotton, corn and other agricultural products to be planted and raised by them in my hands they may employ during the year of 1891 on land belonging to him now…. or any other land that they may rent and cultivate during said year.

In trust, however, that if said party of the first part should on or before the 1st day of January 1892 pay what may be due said PL Barns for money advancement and supplies and merchandise sold all costs incurred on account after said and all cost incurred on account of said deed of trust thru this deed of trust will be void as to the indebtedness, _____ at that time; but in default of said payments or any part thereof or subsequent indebtedness under this contract the trustee will take possession of same property without notice of any kind. And having given ten day notice of the place and time of the sale by posting written notices at____ public place as in said county, sell said property or a sufficiency of said things to make said payment for cash at public auction at PL Barnes store or any place he designates PL Barns and his legal representatives can at any time they may decide_____Trustee in place of  Jno B Walker or any succeeding Trustee.

Dennis and Delsie signed up to work on a designated area of rented land. The land description given was in Pike County in the north half of the northwest quarter section 12, township number 4, range number 9 E 80 acres more or less. This land was owned by Jno (John) B Walker. They bought $70.42 of supplies and equipment from P L Barnes, a store owner, and received a loan of $10 from Jno B Walker. The sum of $70.42 is equivalent to  $2,436.04 and $10.00 is worth $345.93 inflation calculated for 2024. Jno (John) B Walker was responsible for the collection of crops. If Dennis and his wife did not produce enough crops to pay their debts, the property they obtained could be removed without notice and sold. I don't know the amount of profit Dennis ever made for his labor.  He was tied to the land as a sharecropper and, at best, a tenant farmer.  Sharecropping was a different form of enslavement.

--- The Tree Gardener

Dennis Bearden Part 2

 Dennis Bearden lived with his family in Pike County, Mississippi, after 1880. His wife, Charity, who appeared with him in the 1880 census, seems to have passed away sometime after that year. Mississippi did not record death certificates until 1912. The exact date of her demise is unknown. He married Delsie (Dilsie, Duclie) Holmes on January 25, 1883.

Dennis Bearden marriage certificate January 25, 1883
Pike County, Mississippi File # 0041663 Book "A" page 131

The Mississippi Enumeration of Educable Children Data Base 1850-1892 and 1908-1957 has been instrumental in identifying families between the years of the United States federal census. The data in the records designate the sex, age and race of the children. In 1885 Dennis and Dilsie Bearden's children are enumerated in the Pike County school census.

"Mississippi Enumeration of Educable Children, 1850-1892; 1908-1957", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QK6W-546H : Sat Mar 09 17:56:38 UTC 2024), Entry for Dewitt and Dennis Beardon, 1885.

Transcribed 1885 Pike County, Mississippi School census of  Dennis Bearden and Dilsie Bearden.

Dennis Bearden and his family were enumerated in the 1900 Federal census.

"United States Census, 1900", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:M9XT-J3W : Thu Apr 11 20:23:20 UTC 2024), Entry for Dennis Bearden and Dulcia Bearden, 1900.

Transcribed 1900 Pike County, Mississippi Federal census of Dennis Bearden and Dilsie Bearden.

 

Dennis and Delsie were married for 17 years, not 40. According to the 1900 census record, Delsie was the mother of nine children and six are living.  Six children have been identified from records, and three are unknown or erroneously recorded. Dennis was the father of twelve children with his wife Charity and six children with his wife Delsie. Josephus and Joseph S. Bearden are probably the same individual. I have found a marriage record for Josephus Bearden to Annie Lee Brister

 28 Apr 1912 Pike County, Mississippi File 0038084 Book "Q" page 275

According to the Mississippi Death Certificate Index, Josephus Bearden died in 1922 in Pike County. The exact date is unlisted and race is listed as other. I have not found any information for a black man named Joseph S. Bearden in Mississippi who might have been a child of Dennis and Delsie.

More information to come.

The Tree Gardener

Dennis Bearden Part 1

 Dennis Bearden a Black man was born in 1840 in Mississippi or Tennessee according to the Lincoln and Pike County Mississippi federal census of  1870 and 1880 respectively. His father was born in Tennessee, and his mother’s birthplace is unknown. Because of the time and location, it is thought to be enslaved. He was a farm laborer enumerated with his presumptive wife and children in the 1870 Lincoln County, Mississippi Federal Census. 

"United States Census, 1870", FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MFSX-TKD : Tue Mar 05 09:46:15 UTC 2024), Entry for Dennis Bearden and Charity Bearden, 1870.

Transcribed 1870 Pike County, Mississippi Federal Census

In the 1878 Pike County school census the parents and familial relationships are not identified. From the record eight of Dennis and Charity's children Nelson 19, Emma 13, Charles 12, Lizzie 12, John 11, Jim 8, Dewitt 6 and Willie 2.

"Mississippi Enumeration of Educable Children, 1850-1892; 1908-1957," database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:939F-PV9H-VN?cc=1856425&wc=M6NC-9NT%3A167436801%2C167437302 : 18 September 2015), Pike > 1878 > image 146 of 200; Government Records, Jackson.

I have not been able to find Emma Bearden in other records.

In 1880 Pike County, Mississippi Dennis is enumerated with his identified family. The quality of the census record is poor.

"United States Census, 1880", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:M4G1-5BS : Sat Mar 09 22:47:26 UTC 2024), Entry for Dennis Bearden and Charity L. Bearden, 1880.

         Transcribed 1880 Pike County, Mississippi Federal Census

Dennis Bearden paid personal property tax in the Carter Creek election precinct in 1881.  Transcription summarized (poor quality) at that time he owned property valued at 4 cattle at $50, 1 horse at $70, and  1 carriage at $30  for a total of $150 ($3,718.06 in 2024). I have not found any records in which Dennis homesteaded land or land deeds at this time 

More information to come.

Updated September 24, 2024

---- The TreeGardener

Marriage Monday

The enslaved in the United States experienced multiple separations of family and friends.  The isolation from familiar people was a tool used to control the behavior by the slave owner.  The emotional connection between a man and a woman was tenuous at best while enslaved.   Informal marriage ceremonies “jumping the broom” were occasionally allowed by slave owners.   Many family relationships were never re-established after the Civil War.  Legal marriage between the former enslaved was not recognized until after the Civil War in 1865. Research has begun to find early marriage certificates.

Eugene McEwen was born on July 6, 1885 in Mississippi. He was a farmer, was called to the ministry, and became a pastor at Pink Hill Church in McComb, Pike County Mississippi. Ellen Conerly was born on November 1887. They were both born in established families in the county.

They were married on September 23, 1906 in Pike County.

"Mississippi Marriages, 1800-1911", database, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:HQFV-RQMM : 25 March 2020), Eugene McEwen, 1906.

Eugene and Ellen were important contributors to their community.

----The Tree Gardener