Finding Frank Brumfield Part 3

 

In my previous blog post (Finding Frank part 2), I named Jesse E. Brumfield as a child of Frank Brumfield. My two astute cousins who are my blog readers identified my error. He is a descendant of Liddie Brumfield Caston from her son Richard Brumfield and Ellen Walker.

The question remains did Frank Brumfield have a child named Jesse (Jessy, Jessie) ? The answer is yes but the sex of the child in the 1900 and 1910  census is different.
The Pike County, Mississippi 1900 federal census Jesse Brumfield is enumerated as a son 4 years old born June, 1896. 

"United States Census, 1900," database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:M9XT-1CT : accessed 14 September 2021), Frank Brumfield, Beat 1 (part of), Pike, Mississippi, United States; citing enumeration district (ED) 105, sheet 5B, family 77, NARA microfilm publication T623 (Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 1972.); FHL microfilm 1,240,825.

In the Pike County, Mississippi 1910 federal census Jessie is enumerated as a daughter 14 years old.  Her brother Elijah 15 years old is listed above her name. Other family members are enumerated on the previous page.

United States Census, 1910," database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MPDN-4LX : accessed 14 September 2021), Jessie Brumfield in household of Frank Brumfield, Beat 1, Pike, Mississippi, United States; citing enumeration district (ED) ED 94, sheet 6B, family 104, NARA microfilm publication T624 (Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 1982), roll 756; FHL microfilm 1,374,769.

It is apparent that the use of census records has errors and may affect the family trees lineage. I have used the census records and school records to determine the  first and second generation descendants of Frank Brumfield. The accuracy of these records is questionable. I have made a reasonable but not an exhaustive search.  My search tools were Ancestry.com and Family Search websites  From research information Frank Brumfield had 10 children 42 grandchildren.  Knowledge of the descendants is necessary to analyze DNA results. 

More information to follow.

---- The Tree Gardener

Finding Frank Brumfield Part 1

 DNA Analysis

Liddie Brumfield Caston born 1825 in Mississippi had children with the surname Brumfield and Caston.  Liddie and the presumptive father Louis Brumfield had 4 known identified children  Richard, Irvin, Thomas and Frank. These children born in Mississippi prior to the end of the Civil War were enslaved.  Information of the lives of Richard, Irvin and Thomas have been given in previous blogs.  Frank Brumfield identification has been elusive.

I have been searching for Liddie’s Frank. Finding Frank Brumfield has been a genealogy brick wall. From family history, I know there was a Frank Brumfield.    I have identified 3 black individuals with the name Frank Brumfield. They lived in the same geographic area corresponding to the slave owners surname Brumfield in Washington Parish, Louisiana  and Pike County, Mississippi. This is also the geographic area that Liddie Brumfield Caston lived.  The estimated date of birth are similar ranging from 1845 to1855.  

My initial goal was to present my research for each of the three Frank Brumfield to determine Liddie's son. The research records I found did not allow me to definitively identify Frank Brumfield. I was however have been able to identify Frank Brumfield through genealogy research and genetic autosomal DNA analysis.  

The Facts and Assumptions that have been identified concerning Richard, Irvin, Tom and Frank Brumfield:

1. They all are brothers and have the same mother Liddie. It is the presumption or reasonable to assume that they have the same father Louis.

2. The brothers have the same maternal autosomal DNA.

3. The brothers lived in the same geographic area during most of their lives.

4. Genealogy research of Frank Brumfield and his family tree are available. 

5. All the brothers had descendant children.  

5. Results of most of the brothers descendants DNA are available.  

The Challenges of DNA Analysis in finding Frank Brumfield

1.  Ancestry.com DNA data base was used.  Ancestry.com  has the largest commercial DNA data base at this writing.  There are other commercial DNA data bases available which were not included.   I will not be disclosing specific DNA results or the names of descendants of recently deceased or living individuals used in identifying  Richard, Irvin, Tom and Frank Brumfield to protect their privacy.  

2.  Not all known living descendants of Richard, Irvin, Tom and Frank Brumfield have submitted DNA samples for analysis and comparison.  The DNA samples submitted may not be considered a  significant size number.

3.  The public published family trees in Ancestry.com and Family Search.org along with personal research of Richard, Irvin, Tom and Frank Brumfield was used to identify Frank Brumfield. These family trees may contain incomplete information.

4.  Not all descendants of Richard, Irvin, Tom and Frank Brumfield have submitted public published family trees in Ancestry.com and Family Search.org. There maybe DNA matches without family tree information which can be correlated together.  

5. Frank Brumfield date of birth is thought to be between 1845 to 1855. Pike County, Mississippi 2010 federal census states there are approximately 40,000 and Washington Parish, Louisiana 47,000 residents. Over 100 years ago the population was much smaller.  Frank Brumfield DNA tested descendants maybe related through more than one ancestral line.    

    

 To use a phrase from the book Alice in Wonderland  by Lewis Carroll  I will be going "down the rabbit hole", entering the situation of finding Frank Brumfield using  genetic genealogy. 

Special thanks to cousin K. S.

------The TreeGardener

A Brick In The Wall has Fallen Part 6 Eli Brumfield

 

Eli Brumfield

This is Part 6 of a series identifying the individuals in the above photograph. Eli Brumfield is identified in the above picture as the black man standing on the right side in the picture. Eli has been identified to have lived his entire adult life in Pike County, Mississippi. He and his family are enumerated in the 1920 and 1930 Pike County, Mississippi Federal Census. In the 1920 census, states Eli and Sally were able to read and write.  He continued to work on the farmland that he owned at age 66. They are enumerated with Eli's female cousin and children with the last name Thomas. Their given names written are probable transcription errors. I have been unable to identify them at this time. 

Source Citation Year: 1920; Census Place: Leggett, Pike, Mississippi; Roll: T625_891; Page: 22B; Enumeration District: 100

Source Citation Year: 1920; Census Place: Leggett, Pike, Mississippi; Roll: T625_891; Page: 22B; Enumeration District: 100 transcribed Eli Brumfield 

In the 1930 census, Eli owned his farm but didn't own a radio. In this census Eli, Sallie and Dudley could not read or write.   

"United States Census, 1930," database with images, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:X9MQ-P8X : accessed 8 February 2021), Eli Brunfield, Beat 1, Pike, Mississippi, United States; citing enumeration district (ED) ED 1, sheet 4B, line 55, family 84, NARA microfilm publication T626 (Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 2002), roll 1162; FHL microfilm 2,340,897. 

 

"United States Census, 1930," database with images, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:X9MQ-P8X : accessed 8 February 2021), Eli Brunfield, Beat 1, Pike, Mississippi, United States; citing enumeration district (ED) ED 1, sheet 4B, line 55, family 84, NARA microfilm publication T626 (Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 2002), roll 1162; FHL microfilm 2,340,897. Transcribed Eli Brumfield family

Eli Brumfield died June 2, 1933 in Pike County, Mississippi. A list of births and deaths was reported in the local newspaper under "Colored" deaths. His name is listed near the end of the notice.

Semi-Weekly Journal (McComb, Mississippi) · 27 Jul 1933, Thu · Page 3

 

On Eli Brumfield's death certificate, Sally Brumfield was the informant. They were married for over 50 years.  His parent's names were Isom and Charlotte Brumfield and the etiology of his death was heart disease and "old age".  The interment of his remains is in the Pink Hill Cemetery. 
 

Sallie Brumfield 80 years old was enumerated in the 1940 Pike County census with her son Dudley. I have not located her date of death.  

------ The Tree Gardener

A Brick In The Wall Has Fallen Part 3 Richard Brumfield

 

Richard "Dick" Brumfield

Richard Brumfield is identified in the above picture as the black man on the left with his left hand on the shoulder of the seated Caucasian male  Henry S. Brumfield Sr.

Richard Brumfield was the son of Liddie Brumfield Caston and Louis Brumfield. Richard 69 and his wife Catherine 55 years old are enumerated in the 1910 Pike County, Mississippi Federal Census along with their son Jesse is 17.

Year: 1910; Census Place: Beat 2, Pike, Mississippi; Roll: T624_756; Page: 7B; Enumeration District: 0098; FHL microfilm: 1374769

Year: 1910; Census Place: Beat 2, Pike, Mississippi; Roll: T624_756; Page: 7B; Enumeration District: 0098; FHL microfilm: 1374769 partial transcription Richard Brumfield

 

By the year 1920, Richard was a widow and was living with his son Dudley "Dud" and his wife Beulah in Walthall County,  Mississippi. 

Year: 1920; Census Place: Tylertown, Walthall, Mississippi; Roll: T625_896; Page: 12B; Enumeration District: 117

Richard, Dudley and Beulah Brumfield continued to live together and enumerated in the 1930 Walthall County, Mississippi Federal Census.

Year: 1920; Census Place: Tylertown, Walthall, Mississippi; Roll: T625_896; Page: 12B; Enumeration District: 117 Partial transcription Dud Brumfield and Richard Brumfield 

Year: 1930; Census Place: Beat 5, Walthall, Mississippi; Page: 14A; Enumeration District: 0006; FHL microfilm: 2340904

 

Richard and his family continued to reside together in Walthall County, Mississippi  until his death in February 13, 1935. On the death certificate, Dudley Brumfield is the informant. Richard born in Pike County (c0) is a widower and Catherine Brumfield is identified as his wife, Louis Brumfield as father and Littie Brumfield mother.   He was buried February 14, 1935 in the Caston Cemetery. 

A major brick has fallen in the genealogy wall of this black African American family with the identification of the former slave owner. Richard  Brumfield's death is recognized in the local newspaper. It is this article which identifies the former slave owner Henry Brumfield with an additional identifier of his daughter Mrs. W. M. Lampton.   

Clarion-Ledger
Jackson, Mississippi
22 Feb 1935, Fri  •  Page 5

 -----The Tree Gardener

A Brick In The Wall Has Fallen Part 2 Richard Brumfield

Richard "Dick" Brumfield

 In the research of my family tree, one of the biggest challenges is to find information before 1870 in the United States concerning black African Americans. My family’s roots were planted in the southern portion of the United States.  Prior to 1865, most black African Americans were someone’s property as slaves. Formerly enslaved individuals were not enumerated in the United States Federal census until 1870.  In prior blogs, I have focused on the descendants of Liddie Brumfield Caston an enslaved woman who had two husbands with two sets of children in Mississippi. Louis Brumfield her first husband thought to be an enslaved man was sold or died.  Calvin Caston was Liddie’s second husband whom she helped established a homestead.  In my blog post "Six Degrees of Separation  Caston & Brumfield Families Part 4" information about Richard Brumfield was also given. 

Richard Brumfield was one of Liddie and Louis Brumfield's children. Richard Brumfield is identified in the above picture as the black man on the left with his left hand on the shoulder of the seated Caucasian male.   He was probably enslaved based on approximate birth years from federal census records, his death certificate and family oral history. Mississippi by law did not require birth or death certificates until November 1, 1912.

I was able to identify a Richard Brumfield in the Pike County, Mississippi 1870 census. It is documented he was 27 years old and enumerated on the third line.

Year: 1870; Census Place: Township 2 Range 9 East, Pike, Mississippi; Roll: M593_745; Page: 126B; Family History Library Film: 552244

1870 Federal Census Pike County Mississippi  transcribed copy of  entry for Richard Brumfield

Richard (Richard Bromfield) married Catherine Love August 19, 1875 in Hinds county, Mississippi.  The marriage was officiated by minister Robert Jones. The official marriage document was recorded August 26, 1875.

 Richard and Catherine are found in the 1880 Hinds County, Mississippi Federal Census in the geographic area of  Byram and Terry which is located near the city of Jackson, Mississippi. Richard and his parents were born in Mississippi. His occupation was farm labor.  Catherine was born in Louisiana and her parents were from " S C" which is the probable designation for South Carolina.  They are enumerated in the last family entry on the page. In later Federal census records, Catherine's enumeration states that she and her parents were born in Mississippi.

Year: 1880; Census Place: Byram and Terry, Hinds, Mississippi; Roll: 649; Page: 422D; Enumeration District: 014

1880 Federal Census Pike County Mississippi  transcribed copy of  entry for Richard Brumfield

School attendance was important to black African Americans following the Civil War. Prior to the war both enslaved and free black African Americans were prohibited by state law from receiving an education. Richard Brumfield was not an exception to the law. In the 1870 Pike County census it is documented that he could not read or write.  School census records have been an important source of information for me to document a family location. The schools were segregated into Black "colored" and Caucasian "white" at that time. The school census records reflect this segregation in the documented records. Several sources were available which enabled me to locate the information that is presented. The Mississippi Department of Archives and History in Jackson, Mississippi,  Allen County Library in Fort Wayne, Indiana, and  the website www.FamilySearch.org. 

 Richard and his family returned to Pike County, Mississippi by 1885 which is inferred by the school census. Richard and his children are identified and documented in the Tylertown Pike County 1885 school census. Edna age 9, Percy age 7, and Pearlie age 5 are listed. Tylertown was part of Pike County until 1912 when Walthall County was formed. 

"Mississippi Enumeration of Educable Children, 1850-1892; 1908-1957," database with images, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QK6W-568F: 17 December 2020), Richard Brumfield in entry for Percy, 1885; citing School enrollment, , Pike, Mississippi, United States, Mississippi Department of Archives & History, Jackson.

Richard "Dick"  Brumfield was identified and documented in the Tylertown Pike County 1890 school census. Edna age 17, Percy age 15, Fred 12 Pearlie 10 and Lizzie age 7 are listed.

Allen County Library Fort Wayne, Indiana  Pike County, Mississippi Records and Correspondence Black families1890 author Serena Abbess Haymon collation 

Richard Brumfield was identified and documented in the Tylertown Pike County 1896 school census. Percy , Fred 14 Pearlie 15 and Lizzie age 12, Dudley 9 and Jesse 7 are listed. I have enlarged the image. 

Allen County Library Fort Wayne, Indiana  Pike County, Mississippi Records and Correspondence Black families1896 author Serena Abbess Haymon collation 

Allen County Library Fort Wayne, Indiana  Pike County, Mississippi Records and Correspondence Black families1896 author Serena Abbess Haymon collation Richard Brumfield

Richard Brumfield had an identified second family with Ellen Walker and their children in Pike County, Mississippi. I was able to identify Ellen Walker in the 1880 Pike County, Mississippi Federal census. with children Thomas 11, Irvin 10, Lucius 6, Richard 3 and  Charley 1 years of age. She is the fourth household enumerated on the census page.

Year: 1880; Census Place: Pike, Mississippi; Roll: 662; Page: 374D; Enumeration District: 038

Year: 1880; Census Place: Pike, Mississippi; Roll: 662; Page: 374D; Enumeration District: 038 Ellen Walker transcribed

Ellen Walker and her children are identified and documented in the Tylertown Pike County 1885 school census. The children are Tom 18, Irvin 15, Lucius 12, Guy 10 and Caroline 8 years old.

"Mississippi Enumeration of Educable Children, 1850-1892; 1908-1957," database with images, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QK6W-58B9 : 17 December 2020), Ellen Walker in entry for Lucius, 1885; citing School enrollment, , Pike, Mississippi, United States, Mississippi Department of Archives & History, Jackson

Ellen Walker married George Lundy on July 15, 1886 in Pike County, Mississippi. This information was obtained from the Pike County, Mississippi marriage link website file number 0042260 book/page B/95 and Hunting For Bears, comp.. Mississippi Marriages, 1776-1935. Mississippi marriage information taken from county courthouse records. Many of these records were extracted from copies of the original records in microfilm, microfiche, or book format, located at the Family History Library.

In the Pike County, Mississippi school census, Ellen Walker children are established with the surname Brumfield. In the census, Tom Brumfield 20, Ervin (Irvin) Brumfield 19, Lucius 15 Brumfield and the probable children of her husband George Lundy; George Lunda (Lundy) George Lunda (Lundy) 13, Charlie Lunda (Lundy) 12, Howell Lunda (Lundy) 9, Mary Lunda (Lundy) 8 and Martha Lunda (Lundy) 7 are identified. 

More information is to come in part 3.

------The Tree Gardener   

A Brick In the Wall Has Fallen Part 1 Ancestral Photograph

Ancestral Photograph

In my research of my family trees, one of the biggest challenge is to find information prior to 1870 in the United States concerning black African Americans.  In genealogy parlance, it is a "brick wall".  It is considered a major brick wall because prior to 1870 enslaved black people were not enumerated by first and last name in the United States federal census.

 It is important to know there were exceptions where black or people of color were enumerated in the federal census prior to 1870. In the 1790 and 1810 census, free non-white people were entitled in a category of "all other free persons".  It is not clear if this distinction included black and or native american people. Free people of color were enumerated in the federal census in 1850 and 1860.  The Federal Mortality schedules of 1850 and 1860 slaves are listed and cause of death.  Military records can also be a source for locating black African Americans prior to 1870 who were union and confederate soldiers.  In the 1860 census, enslaved black people were enumerated who were over 100 years old.  These enslaved black centenarians were usually listed by first name only. I have included a link with listed names and locations.
https://sites.rootsweb.com/~ajac/slave100up.htm. 
  
 My family’s roots were planted in the southern portion of the United States.  Prior to 1865, most black African Americans were someone’s property as slaves. I have made the assumption that my ancestors were enslaved.  In prior blogs, I have focused on the descendants of   Liddie Brumfield Caston an enslaved woman who had two husbands with two sets of children in Mississippi. Louis Brumfield her first husband who was probably enslaved was sold or died.  Calvin Caston who was Liddie’s second husband whom she helped established a homestead. The blended family tree of Liddie Brumfield Caston.
 Elvira's surname maybe  Brumfield or Caston based on information found on records which will be disclosed latter blog. The surname of the former enslaved may be from a slave master at the time of the Emancipation Proclamation, former slave master or an adopted name. In the case of Liddie Brumfield Caston, the surname of the former slave owner was retained. 
A brick in the wall of Liddie Brumfield Caston family tree has been removed with the help of the descendant of Henry S. Brumfield. A photograph was given to my cousin Manuel Graves by Laura Brumfield descendant of Henry S. Brumfield   identifies several of our ancestors. 

The Black individuals in the picture are Calvin "Cad" Caston and Lydia Brumfield "Bromfield" Caston,  Richard Brumfield "Dick Bromfield" and Eli Brumfield "Bromfield".  The Caucasian   individuals are Henry S. Brumfield "Grandpa Bromfield" Lucinda Brumfield Andrews "Aunt Lucinda Andrews" and Joseph Warren Brumfield "Uncle Joe Bromfield". This is an amazing and exciting discovery. More information concerning the individuals in the picture will be coming in future posts.


Forever Grateful ----- The Tree Gardener

Six Degrees of Separation Caston & Brumfield Families Part 5

 Marriage Certificate of Richard Bromfield and Catherine Love

 They were married in Hinds County, Mississippi on August 26, 1875.

Citation

"Mississippi, Marriages, 1800-1911," index, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/V2ZL-X4D : accessed 22 Sep 2014), Richard Bromfield and Catherine Love, 19 Aug 1875; citing Hinds,Mississippi; FHL microfilm 885190.

Six Degrees of Separation Caston & Brumfield Families Part 4

Richard Brumfield

Richard Brumfield was a child of Liddie and Louis Brumfield. He is thought to have been born in Pike county, Mississippi between 1841 to 1843. Liddie would have been 16 0r 18 years old at his birth.  When the school census in 1878  was taken, he would have been 31 to 33 years old.  This was well beyond school age.  A black male  Richard Bromfield  27 years old  a farm hand  was enumerated August, 1870 in the  federal census for Township 2 Range 9 East Pike county, Mississippi.   Details of the meridian and the direction of the township are not listed in the census record.  In order to identify the  location where  Richard Bromfield was enumerated,  I looked on the same census page for individuals who were homesteaders.  Thomas Simmons white male 33 years old and John R. Simmons white male 55 years old both  homesteaded land at Washington meridian, Township 2 North and Range 9 East.  Because census records identifies the location where individuals lived, Richard Bromfield lived in this location.



United States Census, 1870," index and images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.2/MHBP-LCN : accessed 13 Jun 2014), Richard Bromfield, Mississippi, United States; citing p. 6, family 41, NARA microfilm publication M593, FHL microfilm 000552244.

Richard Bromfield name is on line 3 of the census record.

This location is significant because Calvin Caston, Edmond Downs, Jack Gatlin, Irvin (Ervine) Brumfield and Robert Brumfield,  homesteaded  land in the same Washington meridian, Township 2 North  and Range 9 East.  The compelling evidence suggests that the Richard Bromfield  listed in the 1870 census birth year is 1843 and  working in the same geographic area of  Calvin Caston is presumptively the Richard Brumfield son of Liddie.


Richard Brumfield  family is also enumerated in the 1880 Federal Census in  Byran and Terry in Hinds county. Mississippi. Richard was farm laborer at that time.




"United States Census, 1880," index and images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.2/MWVV-XDS : accessed 12 Jun 2014), Richmon Brumfeel, Byram And Terry, Hinds, Mississippi, United States; citing sheet 422D, NARA microfilm publication T9.

Name	Color	Sex	Age		Birthplace	Birthplace Father	Birthplace mother
Richmon Bromfeel	B	M	37		Mississippi	Miss	Miss
Cathrin	B	F	25	Wife	Louisiana	S C	SC
Edner	B	F	5	Daughter	Mississippi	Miss	La
Percie	B	M	2	Son	Mississippi	Miss	La
Cathrin	B	F	7/12	Daughter	Mississippi	Miss

Link  https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/M4G8-67Q

He latter returned to Pike county with his family. His children  Edna 9 years old and Percy age 7 years old are listed in the 1885 Pike county, Mississippi school records.

             Child      Age      Sex       Parent
            Edna         9          F           Richard Brumfield
            Percy        7          M         "                            "                                 

   Richard Brumfield is also enumerated in latter census records which I have not included. He died February 13, 1935 from the infirmities of old age at 94 years old based on prior census information.  It is on his Mississippi death certificate, his father was Louis Brumfield at birthplace unknown and mother Litter Brumfield birthplace Pike county are identified. At the time of his death, he was thought to be 99 years old widower with his wife’s name Catherine which corresponds to the census enumeration.  The informant was his son Dudley Brumfield.